测试中遇到这样的情况，vmware虚拟机中增加的 sdb ,可用空间快要满了，需要增加空间，方法记录如下
1. 在VMware上扩展磁盘
在 vmware 虚拟机编辑页面，扩展磁盘的可用空间 (500GB -> 800GB)
2. 重启虚拟机
重启后查看分区是否正确识别，可以看到已经正确识别新的分区大小
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# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 859GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 537GB 537GB primary xfs
(parted) quit
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3. 重新分区
删除原来分区，重新创建新的分区
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# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 859.0 GB, 858993459200 bytes, 1677721600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x634e8675
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1048575999 524286976 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d # 删除分区
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 is deleted
Command (m for help): n # 创建新的分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-1677721599, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1677721599, default 1677721599):
Using default value 1677721599
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 800 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
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4. 重启系统，确保分区表被重新读取
5. 扩展分区
首先 mount 新分区，然后使用 xfs_growfs 命令扩展分区
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# mount /dev/sdb1 /opt/yum/sample
# xfs_growfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=32767936 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=131071744, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=63999, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 131071744 to 209714944
#如果分区是 ext4 格式需要使用 resize2fs 命令
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6. 验证操作
新分区的大小已经变为800G，原来的文件也没有丢失
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# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
……
/dev/sdb1 800G 433G 368G 55% /opt/yum/sample
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